Resolution exercises on complex numbers











up vote
6
down vote

favorite












How do I solve this equation in the field of complex numbers?:
$$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 $$
My solutions are:
$$z_1 = 0$$
$$z_2 = -1$$










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • 2




    Welcome to MSE. It will be more likely that you will get an answer if you show us that you made an effort. This should be added to the question rather than in the comments.
    – José Carlos Santos
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $-1$ is not a solution as you would get $1+1-1not =0$
    – Henry
    19 hours ago















up vote
6
down vote

favorite












How do I solve this equation in the field of complex numbers?:
$$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 $$
My solutions are:
$$z_1 = 0$$
$$z_2 = -1$$










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • 2




    Welcome to MSE. It will be more likely that you will get an answer if you show us that you made an effort. This should be added to the question rather than in the comments.
    – José Carlos Santos
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $-1$ is not a solution as you would get $1+1-1not =0$
    – Henry
    19 hours ago













up vote
6
down vote

favorite









up vote
6
down vote

favorite











How do I solve this equation in the field of complex numbers?:
$$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 $$
My solutions are:
$$z_1 = 0$$
$$z_2 = -1$$










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











How do I solve this equation in the field of complex numbers?:
$$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 $$
My solutions are:
$$z_1 = 0$$
$$z_2 = -1$$







complex-numbers






share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited 23 hours ago





















New contributor




Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









asked 23 hours ago









Vincenzo Iannucci

343




343




New contributor




Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





New contributor





Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.








  • 2




    Welcome to MSE. It will be more likely that you will get an answer if you show us that you made an effort. This should be added to the question rather than in the comments.
    – José Carlos Santos
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $-1$ is not a solution as you would get $1+1-1not =0$
    – Henry
    19 hours ago














  • 2




    Welcome to MSE. It will be more likely that you will get an answer if you show us that you made an effort. This should be added to the question rather than in the comments.
    – José Carlos Santos
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $-1$ is not a solution as you would get $1+1-1not =0$
    – Henry
    19 hours ago








2




2




Welcome to MSE. It will be more likely that you will get an answer if you show us that you made an effort. This should be added to the question rather than in the comments.
– José Carlos Santos
23 hours ago




Welcome to MSE. It will be more likely that you will get an answer if you show us that you made an effort. This should be added to the question rather than in the comments.
– José Carlos Santos
23 hours ago




1




1




$-1$ is not a solution as you would get $1+1-1not =0$
– Henry
19 hours ago




$-1$ is not a solution as you would get $1+1-1not =0$
– Henry
19 hours ago










5 Answers
5






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
10
down vote













$$z=dfrac{|z|^2}{|z|-1}$$ which is real



If $z>0,|z|=+z$ $$0=z^2-z^2+ziff z=0$$ which is untenable



If $zle0,|z|=-z$ $$0=z^2+z^2+z=z(2z+1)$$






share|cite|improve this answer























  • Your first step only works when $|z| ne 1$, so I think you need to explicitly/separately rule out the case that $|z| = 1$. (This isn't too difficult, but I think it's important, if only because the OP believes that $z = -1$ is a solution.)
    – ruakh
    7 hours ago




















up vote
6
down vote













Observe that $z=0$ is a solution of the equation



$$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0.$$



( $z=-1$ is not a solution !)



Therefore let $z ne 0$ be a further solution of this equation. We get , since $|z|^2=z overline{z}:$



$overline{z}-|z|+1=0$. This gives $overline{z}=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.Hence



$z=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.



If $z>0$ , we have $z=z-1$, which is impossible. Hence $z<0$ and then $z=-1/2$.






share|cite|improve this answer




























    up vote
    2
    down vote













    WLOG $z=r(cos t+isin t)$ where $r>0,t$ are real



    $$r(r-r(cos t+isin t)+(cos t+isin t))=0$$



    If $rne0,$ equating the real & the imaginary parts



    $r-rcos t+cos t=0=(1-r)sin t$



    Case $#1:$



    If $r=1,1=0$ which is untenable



    If $sin t=0,$



    Case $#2A:cos t=1,r=0$ which is untenable



    Case $#2A:cos t=-1,r+r-1=0iff r=?$






    share|cite|improve this answer




























      up vote
      2
      down vote













      You may also proceed as follows:




      • Rewrite the equation to
        $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 Leftrightarrow boxed{|z|^2 = z(|z|-1)}$$

      • Therefore, $color{blue}{z}$ must be $color{blue}{mbox{real}}$ and so we have $color{blue}{|z|^2 = z^2}$.

      • Noting the solution $boxed{z = 0}$ we get
        $$|z|^2 = z(|z|-1) stackrel{z in mathbb{R}, z neq 0}{Leftrightarrow}z = |z|-1 Rightarrow boxed{z = -frac{1}{2}}$$






      share|cite|improve this answer






























        up vote
        1
        down vote













        Let $r = e^{itheta}$.



        We get $r^2 - re^{itheta}cdot r + re^{itheta} = 0$.



        Factorising, we get $r = 0$, giving $z = 0$ as one solution or:



        $r - re^{itheta} + e^{itheta} = 0$



        $e^{itheta} = frac{r}{r-1}$



        From the last equation, the magnitude of the LHS is equal to one. From the RHS, $e^{itheta} in mathbb{R}$. Hence $e^{itheta} = pm 1$.



        $frac{r}{r-1} = 1$ gives no solution, but $frac{r}{r-1} = -1 implies r = frac 12$. Since $e^{itheta} = -1$ that gives $z = -frac 12$.



        Therefore the two solutions are $z = 0$ and $z = -frac 12$.






        share|cite|improve this answer





















          Your Answer





          StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
          return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
          StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
          StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
          });
          });
          }, "mathjax-editing");

          StackExchange.ready(function() {
          var channelOptions = {
          tags: "".split(" "),
          id: "69"
          };
          initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

          StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
          // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
          if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
          StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
          createEditor();
          });
          }
          else {
          createEditor();
          }
          });

          function createEditor() {
          StackExchange.prepareEditor({
          heartbeatType: 'answer',
          convertImagesToLinks: true,
          noModals: true,
          showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
          reputationToPostImages: 10,
          bindNavPrevention: true,
          postfix: "",
          imageUploader: {
          brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
          contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
          allowUrls: true
          },
          noCode: true, onDemand: true,
          discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
          ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
          });


          }
          });






          Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










           

          draft saved


          draft discarded


















          StackExchange.ready(
          function () {
          StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3007387%2fresolution-exercises-on-complex-numbers%23new-answer', 'question_page');
          }
          );

          Post as a guest















          Required, but never shown

























          5 Answers
          5






          active

          oldest

          votes








          5 Answers
          5






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes








          up vote
          10
          down vote













          $$z=dfrac{|z|^2}{|z|-1}$$ which is real



          If $z>0,|z|=+z$ $$0=z^2-z^2+ziff z=0$$ which is untenable



          If $zle0,|z|=-z$ $$0=z^2+z^2+z=z(2z+1)$$






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • Your first step only works when $|z| ne 1$, so I think you need to explicitly/separately rule out the case that $|z| = 1$. (This isn't too difficult, but I think it's important, if only because the OP believes that $z = -1$ is a solution.)
            – ruakh
            7 hours ago

















          up vote
          10
          down vote













          $$z=dfrac{|z|^2}{|z|-1}$$ which is real



          If $z>0,|z|=+z$ $$0=z^2-z^2+ziff z=0$$ which is untenable



          If $zle0,|z|=-z$ $$0=z^2+z^2+z=z(2z+1)$$






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • Your first step only works when $|z| ne 1$, so I think you need to explicitly/separately rule out the case that $|z| = 1$. (This isn't too difficult, but I think it's important, if only because the OP believes that $z = -1$ is a solution.)
            – ruakh
            7 hours ago















          up vote
          10
          down vote










          up vote
          10
          down vote









          $$z=dfrac{|z|^2}{|z|-1}$$ which is real



          If $z>0,|z|=+z$ $$0=z^2-z^2+ziff z=0$$ which is untenable



          If $zle0,|z|=-z$ $$0=z^2+z^2+z=z(2z+1)$$






          share|cite|improve this answer














          $$z=dfrac{|z|^2}{|z|-1}$$ which is real



          If $z>0,|z|=+z$ $$0=z^2-z^2+ziff z=0$$ which is untenable



          If $zle0,|z|=-z$ $$0=z^2+z^2+z=z(2z+1)$$







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited 17 hours ago

























          answered 22 hours ago









          lab bhattacharjee

          220k15154271




          220k15154271












          • Your first step only works when $|z| ne 1$, so I think you need to explicitly/separately rule out the case that $|z| = 1$. (This isn't too difficult, but I think it's important, if only because the OP believes that $z = -1$ is a solution.)
            – ruakh
            7 hours ago




















          • Your first step only works when $|z| ne 1$, so I think you need to explicitly/separately rule out the case that $|z| = 1$. (This isn't too difficult, but I think it's important, if only because the OP believes that $z = -1$ is a solution.)
            – ruakh
            7 hours ago


















          Your first step only works when $|z| ne 1$, so I think you need to explicitly/separately rule out the case that $|z| = 1$. (This isn't too difficult, but I think it's important, if only because the OP believes that $z = -1$ is a solution.)
          – ruakh
          7 hours ago






          Your first step only works when $|z| ne 1$, so I think you need to explicitly/separately rule out the case that $|z| = 1$. (This isn't too difficult, but I think it's important, if only because the OP believes that $z = -1$ is a solution.)
          – ruakh
          7 hours ago












          up vote
          6
          down vote













          Observe that $z=0$ is a solution of the equation



          $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0.$$



          ( $z=-1$ is not a solution !)



          Therefore let $z ne 0$ be a further solution of this equation. We get , since $|z|^2=z overline{z}:$



          $overline{z}-|z|+1=0$. This gives $overline{z}=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.Hence



          $z=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.



          If $z>0$ , we have $z=z-1$, which is impossible. Hence $z<0$ and then $z=-1/2$.






          share|cite|improve this answer

























            up vote
            6
            down vote













            Observe that $z=0$ is a solution of the equation



            $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0.$$



            ( $z=-1$ is not a solution !)



            Therefore let $z ne 0$ be a further solution of this equation. We get , since $|z|^2=z overline{z}:$



            $overline{z}-|z|+1=0$. This gives $overline{z}=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.Hence



            $z=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.



            If $z>0$ , we have $z=z-1$, which is impossible. Hence $z<0$ and then $z=-1/2$.






            share|cite|improve this answer























              up vote
              6
              down vote










              up vote
              6
              down vote









              Observe that $z=0$ is a solution of the equation



              $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0.$$



              ( $z=-1$ is not a solution !)



              Therefore let $z ne 0$ be a further solution of this equation. We get , since $|z|^2=z overline{z}:$



              $overline{z}-|z|+1=0$. This gives $overline{z}=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.Hence



              $z=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.



              If $z>0$ , we have $z=z-1$, which is impossible. Hence $z<0$ and then $z=-1/2$.






              share|cite|improve this answer












              Observe that $z=0$ is a solution of the equation



              $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0.$$



              ( $z=-1$ is not a solution !)



              Therefore let $z ne 0$ be a further solution of this equation. We get , since $|z|^2=z overline{z}:$



              $overline{z}-|z|+1=0$. This gives $overline{z}=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.Hence



              $z=|z|-1 in mathbb R$.



              If $z>0$ , we have $z=z-1$, which is impossible. Hence $z<0$ and then $z=-1/2$.







              share|cite|improve this answer












              share|cite|improve this answer



              share|cite|improve this answer










              answered 23 hours ago









              Fred

              42k1642




              42k1642






















                  up vote
                  2
                  down vote













                  WLOG $z=r(cos t+isin t)$ where $r>0,t$ are real



                  $$r(r-r(cos t+isin t)+(cos t+isin t))=0$$



                  If $rne0,$ equating the real & the imaginary parts



                  $r-rcos t+cos t=0=(1-r)sin t$



                  Case $#1:$



                  If $r=1,1=0$ which is untenable



                  If $sin t=0,$



                  Case $#2A:cos t=1,r=0$ which is untenable



                  Case $#2A:cos t=-1,r+r-1=0iff r=?$






                  share|cite|improve this answer

























                    up vote
                    2
                    down vote













                    WLOG $z=r(cos t+isin t)$ where $r>0,t$ are real



                    $$r(r-r(cos t+isin t)+(cos t+isin t))=0$$



                    If $rne0,$ equating the real & the imaginary parts



                    $r-rcos t+cos t=0=(1-r)sin t$



                    Case $#1:$



                    If $r=1,1=0$ which is untenable



                    If $sin t=0,$



                    Case $#2A:cos t=1,r=0$ which is untenable



                    Case $#2A:cos t=-1,r+r-1=0iff r=?$






                    share|cite|improve this answer























                      up vote
                      2
                      down vote










                      up vote
                      2
                      down vote









                      WLOG $z=r(cos t+isin t)$ where $r>0,t$ are real



                      $$r(r-r(cos t+isin t)+(cos t+isin t))=0$$



                      If $rne0,$ equating the real & the imaginary parts



                      $r-rcos t+cos t=0=(1-r)sin t$



                      Case $#1:$



                      If $r=1,1=0$ which is untenable



                      If $sin t=0,$



                      Case $#2A:cos t=1,r=0$ which is untenable



                      Case $#2A:cos t=-1,r+r-1=0iff r=?$






                      share|cite|improve this answer












                      WLOG $z=r(cos t+isin t)$ where $r>0,t$ are real



                      $$r(r-r(cos t+isin t)+(cos t+isin t))=0$$



                      If $rne0,$ equating the real & the imaginary parts



                      $r-rcos t+cos t=0=(1-r)sin t$



                      Case $#1:$



                      If $r=1,1=0$ which is untenable



                      If $sin t=0,$



                      Case $#2A:cos t=1,r=0$ which is untenable



                      Case $#2A:cos t=-1,r+r-1=0iff r=?$







                      share|cite|improve this answer












                      share|cite|improve this answer



                      share|cite|improve this answer










                      answered 23 hours ago









                      lab bhattacharjee

                      220k15154271




                      220k15154271






















                          up vote
                          2
                          down vote













                          You may also proceed as follows:




                          • Rewrite the equation to
                            $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 Leftrightarrow boxed{|z|^2 = z(|z|-1)}$$

                          • Therefore, $color{blue}{z}$ must be $color{blue}{mbox{real}}$ and so we have $color{blue}{|z|^2 = z^2}$.

                          • Noting the solution $boxed{z = 0}$ we get
                            $$|z|^2 = z(|z|-1) stackrel{z in mathbb{R}, z neq 0}{Leftrightarrow}z = |z|-1 Rightarrow boxed{z = -frac{1}{2}}$$






                          share|cite|improve this answer



























                            up vote
                            2
                            down vote













                            You may also proceed as follows:




                            • Rewrite the equation to
                              $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 Leftrightarrow boxed{|z|^2 = z(|z|-1)}$$

                            • Therefore, $color{blue}{z}$ must be $color{blue}{mbox{real}}$ and so we have $color{blue}{|z|^2 = z^2}$.

                            • Noting the solution $boxed{z = 0}$ we get
                              $$|z|^2 = z(|z|-1) stackrel{z in mathbb{R}, z neq 0}{Leftrightarrow}z = |z|-1 Rightarrow boxed{z = -frac{1}{2}}$$






                            share|cite|improve this answer

























                              up vote
                              2
                              down vote










                              up vote
                              2
                              down vote









                              You may also proceed as follows:




                              • Rewrite the equation to
                                $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 Leftrightarrow boxed{|z|^2 = z(|z|-1)}$$

                              • Therefore, $color{blue}{z}$ must be $color{blue}{mbox{real}}$ and so we have $color{blue}{|z|^2 = z^2}$.

                              • Noting the solution $boxed{z = 0}$ we get
                                $$|z|^2 = z(|z|-1) stackrel{z in mathbb{R}, z neq 0}{Leftrightarrow}z = |z|-1 Rightarrow boxed{z = -frac{1}{2}}$$






                              share|cite|improve this answer














                              You may also proceed as follows:




                              • Rewrite the equation to
                                $$|z|^2 - z|z| + z = 0 Leftrightarrow boxed{|z|^2 = z(|z|-1)}$$

                              • Therefore, $color{blue}{z}$ must be $color{blue}{mbox{real}}$ and so we have $color{blue}{|z|^2 = z^2}$.

                              • Noting the solution $boxed{z = 0}$ we get
                                $$|z|^2 = z(|z|-1) stackrel{z in mathbb{R}, z neq 0}{Leftrightarrow}z = |z|-1 Rightarrow boxed{z = -frac{1}{2}}$$







                              share|cite|improve this answer














                              share|cite|improve this answer



                              share|cite|improve this answer








                              edited 15 hours ago

























                              answered 22 hours ago









                              trancelocation

                              8,1291519




                              8,1291519






















                                  up vote
                                  1
                                  down vote













                                  Let $r = e^{itheta}$.



                                  We get $r^2 - re^{itheta}cdot r + re^{itheta} = 0$.



                                  Factorising, we get $r = 0$, giving $z = 0$ as one solution or:



                                  $r - re^{itheta} + e^{itheta} = 0$



                                  $e^{itheta} = frac{r}{r-1}$



                                  From the last equation, the magnitude of the LHS is equal to one. From the RHS, $e^{itheta} in mathbb{R}$. Hence $e^{itheta} = pm 1$.



                                  $frac{r}{r-1} = 1$ gives no solution, but $frac{r}{r-1} = -1 implies r = frac 12$. Since $e^{itheta} = -1$ that gives $z = -frac 12$.



                                  Therefore the two solutions are $z = 0$ and $z = -frac 12$.






                                  share|cite|improve this answer

























                                    up vote
                                    1
                                    down vote













                                    Let $r = e^{itheta}$.



                                    We get $r^2 - re^{itheta}cdot r + re^{itheta} = 0$.



                                    Factorising, we get $r = 0$, giving $z = 0$ as one solution or:



                                    $r - re^{itheta} + e^{itheta} = 0$



                                    $e^{itheta} = frac{r}{r-1}$



                                    From the last equation, the magnitude of the LHS is equal to one. From the RHS, $e^{itheta} in mathbb{R}$. Hence $e^{itheta} = pm 1$.



                                    $frac{r}{r-1} = 1$ gives no solution, but $frac{r}{r-1} = -1 implies r = frac 12$. Since $e^{itheta} = -1$ that gives $z = -frac 12$.



                                    Therefore the two solutions are $z = 0$ and $z = -frac 12$.






                                    share|cite|improve this answer























                                      up vote
                                      1
                                      down vote










                                      up vote
                                      1
                                      down vote









                                      Let $r = e^{itheta}$.



                                      We get $r^2 - re^{itheta}cdot r + re^{itheta} = 0$.



                                      Factorising, we get $r = 0$, giving $z = 0$ as one solution or:



                                      $r - re^{itheta} + e^{itheta} = 0$



                                      $e^{itheta} = frac{r}{r-1}$



                                      From the last equation, the magnitude of the LHS is equal to one. From the RHS, $e^{itheta} in mathbb{R}$. Hence $e^{itheta} = pm 1$.



                                      $frac{r}{r-1} = 1$ gives no solution, but $frac{r}{r-1} = -1 implies r = frac 12$. Since $e^{itheta} = -1$ that gives $z = -frac 12$.



                                      Therefore the two solutions are $z = 0$ and $z = -frac 12$.






                                      share|cite|improve this answer












                                      Let $r = e^{itheta}$.



                                      We get $r^2 - re^{itheta}cdot r + re^{itheta} = 0$.



                                      Factorising, we get $r = 0$, giving $z = 0$ as one solution or:



                                      $r - re^{itheta} + e^{itheta} = 0$



                                      $e^{itheta} = frac{r}{r-1}$



                                      From the last equation, the magnitude of the LHS is equal to one. From the RHS, $e^{itheta} in mathbb{R}$. Hence $e^{itheta} = pm 1$.



                                      $frac{r}{r-1} = 1$ gives no solution, but $frac{r}{r-1} = -1 implies r = frac 12$. Since $e^{itheta} = -1$ that gives $z = -frac 12$.



                                      Therefore the two solutions are $z = 0$ and $z = -frac 12$.







                                      share|cite|improve this answer












                                      share|cite|improve this answer



                                      share|cite|improve this answer










                                      answered 21 hours ago









                                      Deepak

                                      16.5k11436




                                      16.5k11436






















                                          Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










                                           

                                          draft saved


                                          draft discarded


















                                          Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.













                                          Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.












                                          Vincenzo Iannucci is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.















                                           


                                          draft saved


                                          draft discarded














                                          StackExchange.ready(
                                          function () {
                                          StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3007387%2fresolution-exercises-on-complex-numbers%23new-answer', 'question_page');
                                          }
                                          );

                                          Post as a guest















                                          Required, but never shown





















































                                          Required, but never shown














                                          Required, but never shown












                                          Required, but never shown







                                          Required, but never shown

































                                          Required, but never shown














                                          Required, but never shown












                                          Required, but never shown







                                          Required, but never shown







                                          Popular posts from this blog

                                          Costa Masnaga

                                          Fotorealismo

                                          Sidney Franklin